What is the main magnetic flux? What is the leakage magnetic flux?

When a winding in a transformer is connected to a power source, it generates a magnetic flux in the core. The magnetic flux generated in the core due to the excitation voltage is called the main magnetic flux, and its magnitude depends on the excitation voltage. During rated voltage excitation, the generation of the main magnetic flux should not lead to core saturation, meaning the magnetic flux density should not reach a saturation state. The main magnetic flux is a phasor and is usually expressed in peak values.

When a load current flows through a transformer, it generates magnetic flux around the winding. The magnetic flux generated within the winding by the load current is referred to as the leakage magnetic flux, and its magnitude depends on the load current. The leakage magnetic flux should not pass through ferromagnetic materials and is typically expressed in peak values.

Both the main magnetic flux and the leakage magnetic flux are closed-loop circuits and are phasors, but they are not in the same phase. The main magnetic flux forms a closed-loop circuit in the closed magnetic circuit of the core, but it may overflow the core and form a loop after saturation. The leakage magnetic flux forms a closed-loop circuit in structural components that open the magnetic circuit, including partial pillars or magnetic shielding. The main magnetic flux and the leakage magnetic flux add or subtract within the core, with the main magnetic flux causing no-load losses in the core, while the leakage magnetic flux causes additional load losses within the winding and structural components.

There is a quantitative relationship between the main magnetic flux and the leakage magnetic flux:

Here,u₁%is the percentage of transformer impedance voltage,Φ represents the main magnetic flux, ands represents the leakage magnetic flux.

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