A transformer is an electrical device used to change the magnitude of alternating current (AC) voltage without altering its frequency. Its operation is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, as per Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, and it achieves voltage transformation by altering the magnetic field. Here's how a transformer works:

Basic Structure: A typical transformer typically consists of two coils (coils are commonly referred to as windings), known as the primary winding and the secondary winding. These two windings are usually wound around a common iron core, and the core's purpose is to concentrate the magnetic field to enhance transmission efficiency.

AC Power Input: Connect the AC power source to the primary winding. When AC current flows through the primary winding, it generates a changing magnetic field within the iron core.

Electromagnetic Induction: The changing magnetic field passes through the secondary winding, and according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, this induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary winding. The magnitude of the EMF is proportional to the rate of magnetic field change and the ratio of the number of turns in the windings.

Voltage Transformation: Due to the induced EMF, current is generated in the secondary winding, and a voltage is developed across the secondary winding. The magnitude of this voltage depends on the ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings. If the secondary winding has more turns than the primary winding, the secondary voltage will be higher than the primary voltage, and vice versa.

Power Transfer: The transformer only changes the voltage and not the power. Power remains constant in a transformer, so it can be calculated using the following formula:

Primary Current x Primary Voltage = Secondary Current x Secondary Voltage

This formula demonstrates that if the voltage increases, the current decreases, and vice versa, while keeping the power constant.

In summary, the working principle of a transformer is based on electromagnetic induction, and it achieves different output voltages while maintaining a constant power by altering the ratio of turns in the windings. This makes transformers widely used in power transmission, electronic devices, and electrical distribution.

LuShan, est. 1975,  is a Chinese professional manufacturer specializing in power transformers and reactors for 48 years. Leading products are single-phase transformer, three-phase transformers, DC inductors, AC reactors, filtering reactor, expoxy resin high-voltage transformer and intermediate, high-frequency products. Our transformers and reactors are widely used in 10 application areas: rapid transit, construction machinery, renewable energy, intelligent manufacturing, medical equipment, coal mine explosion prevention , excitation system, vacuum sintering, central air conditioning.

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