{"id":1226,"date":"2026-07-22T05:33:04","date_gmt":"2026-07-22T05:33:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lstransformer.com\/how-to-protect-power-equipment-during-thunderstorms-a-collaborative-solution-of-lightning-arresters-and-transformers\/"},"modified":"2026-09-27T02:47:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T02:47:58","slug":"how-to-protect-power-equipment-during-thunderstorms-a-collaborative-solution-of-lightning-arresters-and-transformers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/fr\/how-to-protect-power-equipment-during-thunderstorms-a-collaborative-solution-of-lightning-arresters-and-transformers\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Protect Power Equipment During Thunderstorms? \u2014A Collaborative Solution of Lightning Arresters and Transformers"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\">How to Protect Power Equipment During Thunderstorms?<\/h1>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\">\u2014A Collaborative Solution of Lightning Arresters and Transformers<\/h4>\n<p>Due to global climate change, thunderstorms are becoming increasingly frequent. According to statistics from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the global average number of thunderstorm days in 2023 increased by 18% compared to a decade ago, with particularly significant growth in Southeast Asia, Africa, and North America. Lightning strikes and surge voltages cause over $5 billion in direct losses to global power systems annually, with transformers\u2014the core equipment of power grids\u2014being the most vulnerable due to their insulation systems.<\/p>\n<p>To address this challenge, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) have released multiple standards (such as IEC 60099-4 and IEEE C62.11), promoting the development of collaborative protection technologies for lightning arresters and transformers. This article will analyze how to ensure the safety of power equipment through a multi-level protection strategy, combining international standards and global engineering practices.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Contenu<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><em><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/>1. Lightning Strike Mechanisms and Direct Hazards<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Lightning currents are characterized by high amplitude (10\u2013200 kA) and rapid rise time (1\u201310 \u03bcs). Their energy can instantly break down insulation materials. For example, a typical negative lightning strike with a 10\/350 \u03bcs waveform (as defined by IEC 62305) and a peak current of 100 kA releases energy equivalent to 1\/10 of a ton of TNT explosion.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>1.1 When lightning currents invade substations through transmission lines, they create the following effects in transformer windings:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(1) Electromagnetic induction:The transient magnetic field induces voltages of several kilovolts in the windings.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(2) Ground potential rise (GPR):If the grounding system has high resistance, lightning currents cause a sudden rise in local ground potential, creating a &#8220;backflashover voltage.&#8221;<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>1.2 Without proper protection, lightning strikes can lead to:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(1) Insulation breakdown:High voltage gradients carbonize transformer oil-paper insulation, causing internal short circuits.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(2) Winding burnout:Joule heating (Q=I\u00b2Rt) from lightning currents can raise local temperatures above 1000\u00b0C.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(3) Equipment explosion:Insulating oil decomposes into flammable gases (e.g., hydrogen) under high temperatures, leading to explosions when exposed to arcs.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Case Study:In 2022, a lightning strike caused a transformer bushing breakdown at a Mumbai substation, resulting in an oil fire, explosion, a 12-hour blackout, and $2 million in direct losses.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Transformateur, de Gros Transformateurs de Fournitures et de Fabricants,Sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les Transformateurs de 50 ans\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/fr\/Transformers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"2\" src=\"https:\/\/manage.lstransformer.com\/upload\/news\/1757994017324163.jpg\" alt=\"2\" width=\"400\" height=\"384\" border=\"0\" vspace=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><em><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/>2. Core Technologies of Lightning Arresters: From &#8220;Passive Discharge&#8221; to &#8220;Smart Voltage Limiting&#8221;<\/em><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/><strong>2.1<i>\u00a0Nonlinear Characteristics of Metal-Oxide Arresters (MOA)<\/i><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Traditional silicon carbide (SiC) arresters are being replaced by metal-oxide arresters (MOA) due to their slow response time (~100 ns) and high residual voltage. MOAs use zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with trace metals (e.g., Bi\u2082O\u2083, CoO), exhibiting nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics:<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(1)Low-voltage zone (&lt;1 kV\/mm):Resistivity reaches 10\u2078 \u03a9\u00b7m, allowing almost no current flow.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(2)High-voltage zone (&gt;3 kV\/mm):Resistivity drops to 1 \u03a9\u00b7m, forming a low-resistance discharge path.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Effect:MOAs respond within 25 ns and reduce residual voltage by 40% compared to traditional arresters. For instance, under a 100 kA strike, MOAs limit line voltage to below 300 kV (meeting IEC 60099-4 standards), preventing transformer insulation failure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Case Study:Thailand\u2019s EGAT grid deployed MOAs in 230 kV substations, reducing transformer failures from 1.5 to 0.2 incidents per year\u2014an 86% improvement in protection efficiency.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/><strong>2.2<i>\u00a0Insulation Coordination Between Arresters and Transformers<\/i><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The effectiveness of arresters depends on match transformer insulation levels. Per IEC 60071-1:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Uprotect \u2264 0.85 \u00d7 Uwithstand<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\">where:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\">Uprotect: Arrester residual voltage<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\">Uwithstand: Transformer basic lightning impulse insulation level (BIL)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Engineering Practices:<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(1) Distance optimization:Install arresters \u226450 meters from transformers (IEEE C62.22 recommendation) to minimize line inductance effects.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(2) Multi-stage protection:Use three-stage MOAs at line entrances, busbars, and transformer terminals to progressively reduce surge magnitude.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><\/h6>\n<p><a title=\"Transformateur, de Gros Transformateurs de Fournitures et de Fabricants,Sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les Transformateurs de 50 ans\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/fr\/Transformers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"3\" src=\"https:\/\/manage.lstransformer.com\/upload\/news\/1757994065904701.jpg\" alt=\"3\" width=\"400\" height=\"384\" border=\"0\" vspace=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><em><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/>3. Reinforced Transformer Insulation Design Against Lightning Strikes<\/em><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/><strong>3.1<i>\u00a0Gradient Insulation and Electric Field Equalization<\/i><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Modern transformers use alternating oil-paper gradient insulation, where dielectric constants (\u03b5\u1d63) increase exponentially with distance from windings:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>\u03b5\u1d63(x) = \u03b5r\u2080 \u00b7 e\u1d4f\u02e3<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\"><b><\/b>This design reduces peak electric fields from 8 kV\/mm to below 3 kV\/mm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Application:Ideal for substations in high-thunderstorm regions (e.g., Southeast Asia, Africa), meeting IEC 60076-15\u2019s enhanced BIL requirements (20\u201330% improvement).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/>3.2 Lightning-Resistant Winding Optimization<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Key designs to mitigate current imbalance and overheating:<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(1) Continuous transposition winding:Each turn is transposed 3\u20134 times, reducing eddy losses by 60%.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(2) Electrostatic shielding:Copper shields between windings and cores equalize electric fields via capacitive coupling, cutting local field strength by 50%.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Effect:ABB\u2019s optimized transformers reduce winding temperature rise from 120\u00b0C to 65\u00b0C under 10 kA strikes, tripling insulation lifespan.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Transformateur, de Gros Transformateurs de Fournitures et de Fabricants,Sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les Transformateurs de 50 ans\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/fr\/Transformers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"6\" src=\"https:\/\/manage.lstransformer.com\/upload\/news\/1757993814364856.jpg\" alt=\"6\" width=\"400\" height=\"384\" border=\"0\" vspace=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><em><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/>4. Grounding Systems and Smart Monitoring Synergy<\/em><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/><strong>4.1<i>\u00a0Low-Impedance Grounding Grids<\/i><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Per IEEE 80, grounding resistance must satisfy:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Rground \u2264 (voltage limits) \/ (lightning current)<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\">For 50 kA strikes, Rground \u2264 0.001 \u03a9. Solutions include:<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(1) Deep-well electrodes:Buried 30\u2013100 meters in low-resistivity soil (&lt;50 \u03a9\u00b7m).<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(2) Copper-mesh grids:Cross-sectional area \u2265120 mm\u00b2, spacing \u22645 meters, reducing step voltage to &lt;40 V.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Application:Effective in high-resistivity areas (e.g., Middle Eastern deserts).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/>4.2\u00a0Online Monitoring Systems<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Real-time sensors provide early fault warnings:<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(1) Arrester leakage current:Replace MOA valves when resistive current (IR) exceeds 15% of total current (IEC 60099-5).<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>(2) Transformer partial discharge:UHF sensors (300 MHz\u20133 GHz) locate defects with\u226410 cm error using time-difference algorithms (TDOA).<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Case Study:Germany\u2019s E.ON grid extended arrester replacement cycles from 5 to 8 years, cut maintenance costs by 40%, and achieved 95% fault accuracy.<\/p>\n<table width=\"687\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"95\"><img class=\"anchorclass\" \/><b>Measure<\/b><\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"192\"><b>Principe<\/b><\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"156\"><b>Application<\/b><\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"78\"><b>Standard<\/b><\/td>\n<td valign=\"bottom\" width=\"167\"><b>Effect (Case)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Lightning rod + MOA<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">Divert strikes, limit voltage<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"156\">Substation-wide<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"78\">IEC 62305<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"167\">86% fewer failures (Thailand EGAT)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Gradient insulation<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">Dielectric gradient equalizes fields<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"156\">High-thunderstorm regions<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"78\">IEC 60076-15<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"167\">33% higher BIL, 3\u00d7 lifespan (ABB)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Deep-well grounding<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">Utilizes low-resistivity soil<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"156\">High-resistivity areas<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"78\">IEEE 80<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"167\">75% fewer failures (Middle East)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Online monitoring<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"192\">Real-time leakage\/partial discharge<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"156\">Critical substations<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"78\">IEC 60099-5<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"167\">40% lower maintenance (E.ON)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"table-note\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Table 1: Lightning Protection Measures and Applications<\/i><\/div>\n<h2><b>En R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Lightning protection relies on energy control and system synergy. Arresters divert lightning currents, transformers withstand surges via optimized insulation, and grounding\/monitoring systems ensure reliability. For global users, selecting IEC\/IEEE-compliant solutions tailored to regional climates is essential. Future advancements like wide-bandgap (SiC\/GaN) arresters and self-healing insulation may achieve &#8220;zero lightning damage.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><strong>Contact<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>LuShan, heure de l'est. 1975, est un fabricant professionnel Chinois sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les transformateurs de puissance et des r\u00e9acteurs de plus de 50 ans. Les produits de pointe sont <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/fr\/\">transformateur monophas\u00e9, triphas\u00e9 transformateurs d'isolement, transformateur \u00e9lectrique, transformateur de distribution, l'\u00e9tape vers le bas et d'intensifier le transformateur de basse tension du transformateur, transformateur \u00e0 haute tension, contr\u00f4le de transformateur toro\u00efdal transformateur, transformateur R-core; inductances DC, AC r\u00e9acteurs, le filtrage du r\u00e9acteur, de ligne et de charge du r\u00e9acteur, des bobines, le filtrage du r\u00e9acteur, et interm\u00e9diaire, \u00e0 haute fr\u00e9quence produits<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nos transformateurs de puissance et les r\u00e9acteurs sont largement utilis\u00e9s dans les 10 domaines d'application: transport en commun rapide, les machines de construction, les \u00e9nergies renouvelables, intelligents de fabrication, des \u00e9quipements m\u00e9dicaux, de la mine de charbon de l'explosion de la pr\u00e9vention, de l'excitation du syst\u00e8me, frittage sous vide(four), d'une climatisation centrale.<\/p>\n<p>En savoir plus sur transformateur de puissance et le r\u00e9acteur: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/fr\/\">www.lstransformer.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Si vous souhaitez obtenir des solutions personnalis\u00e9es pour les transformateurs ou des r\u00e9acteurs, veuillez nous contacter.<br \/>\nWhatsApp\uff1a+86 13787095096<br \/>\nE-mail: marketing@hnlsdz.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to Protect Power Equipment During Thunderstorms? \u2014A Collaborative Solution of Lightning Arresters and Transformers Due to global climate change, thunderstorms are becoming increasingly frequent. According to statistics from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the global average number of thunderstorm days in 2023 increased by 18% compared to a decade ago, with particularly significant growth [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faq"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Protect Power Equipment During Thunderstorms? \u2014A Collaborative Solution of Lightning Arresters and Transformers - LS power transformer, Line reactor, High-voltage transformer, Oil-immersed transformer-CHANGSHA LUSHAN ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Due to global climate change, thunderstorms are becoming increasingly frequent. According to statistics from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the global average number of thunderstorm days in 2023 increased by 18% compared to a decade ago, with particularly significant growth in Southeast Asia, Africa, and North America. Lightning strikes and surge voltages cause over $5 billion in direct losses to global power systems annually, with transformers\u2014the core equipment of power grids\u2014being the most vulnerable due to their insulation systems.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/fr\/how-to-protect-power-equipment-during-thunderstorms-a-collaborative-solution-of-lightning-arresters-and-transformers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Protect Power Equipment During Thunderstorms? \u2014A Collaborative Solution of Lightning Arresters and Transformers - LS power transformer, Line reactor, High-voltage transformer, Oil-immersed transformer-CHANGSHA LUSHAN ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Due to global climate change, thunderstorms are becoming increasingly frequent. According to statistics from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the global average number of thunderstorm days in 2023 increased by 18% compared to a decade ago, with particularly significant growth in Southeast Asia, Africa, and North America. 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