{"id":6033,"date":"2026-09-14T04:57:03","date_gmt":"2026-09-14T04:57:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lstransformer.com\/a-loud-bang-when-switching-on-a-transformer-is-it-damaged-2\/"},"modified":"2026-09-14T04:57:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T04:57:03","slug":"a-loud-bang-when-switching-on-a-transformer-is-it-damaged-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/fr\/a-loud-bang-when-switching-on-a-transformer-is-it-damaged-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Un Loud &#8220;Coup&#8221; Lors de la Commutation Sur un Transformateur: Est-Il Endommag\u00e9?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Transformers are vital components in power systems, and their stable operation is crucial. When energizing a transformer after installation or maintenance, you might sometimes hear a significant humming noise or a loud &#8220;bang.&#8221; This phenomenon, possible in power operations worldwide, often raises concerns among operators: does it indicate a fault or damage to the transformer? This article delves into the root causes, helping you distinguish between a normal physical event and a potential warning sign.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/upload\/news\/1780364720486989.png\" _src=\"\/upload\/news\/1780364720486989.png\" alt=\"substation\" class=\"aligncenter\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(72, 116, 203);font-size: 27px\">1. Main Cause of the Switching Noise: Inrush Current<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">The most common cause of the loud noise is the inrush current or magnetizing inrush current. This is a transient, high-magnitude current surge\u2014far exceeding the rated current\u2014that flows into the primary winding when a transformer is switched onto the power grid in a no-load state (without connected load).<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(12, 12, 12);font-size: 24px\">1.1 How Inrush Current Happens<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. During steady-state operation, the magnetic flux (\u03a6) in the core closely follows the applied voltage (V). However, at the exact moment of switching, this balance is disrupted.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">1.1.1 The Transient Process of Flux Establishment<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">The AC voltage is a sine wave. The instant of switching (the voltage phase angle) is critical for the initial establishment of magnetic flux. According to Faraday&#8217;s law:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';font-size: 24px\">V = N(d\u03a6\/dt)<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:21px\">where V is instantaneous voltage<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:21px\">&nbsp;N is turns<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:21px\">&nbsp;d\u03a6\/dt is the rate of change of flux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:21px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(72, 116, 203);font-size: 27px\">The Key Point:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">If the switch closes precisely at the voltage zero-crossing (instantaneous voltage is 0), the required rate of change of flux (d\u03a6\/dt) must also be zero. However, the core flux needs to start from zero. To &#8220;catch up&#8221; with the steady-state flux waveform corresponding to the voltage, the system creates a large transient flux offset. Establishing this offset requires a very large instantaneous current in the winding\u2014this is the inrush current.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(12, 12, 12);font-size: 24px\">1.2 Physical Effects and the Resulting Sound<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">This instantaneous current, which can be 6-10 times the rated current, triggers strong physical effects inside the transformer:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(1)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Intense Electromagnetic Forces:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">The high current creates a powerful magnetic field around the windings, subjecting the winding conductors and core structural parts to significant mechanical stress, causing tiny, instantaneous displacements or vibrations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(2)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Core Magnetostriction:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Transformer cores are made of laminated silicon steel. Under the intense, changing magnetic field, the core material exhibits &#8220;magnetostriction,&#8221; meaning its physical dimensions change minutely with magnetic field strength.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(3)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Sound Generation:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">The structural vibrations from electromagnetic forces combine with vibrations from core magnetostriction. These vibrations, with rich frequency content, are amplified by the tank, radiators, etc., and are released as an audible &#8220;bang,&#8221; &#8220;boom,&#8221; or humming noise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"195\" valign=\"center\" nowrap=\"\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Characteristic<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"456\" valign=\"center\" nowrap=\"\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Typical Value \/ Description<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"195\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Peak Magnitude<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"456\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Up to 6-10 times rated current<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"195\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Duration<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"456\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Typically several power cycles (tens to hundreds of milliseconds)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"195\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Decay Rate<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"456\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; word-break: break-all;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Fast decay to steady-state no-load current (depends on system impedance &amp; transformer design)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"195\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; word-break: break-all;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Main Physical Effects<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"456\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Electromagnetic mechanical forces, Core magnetostriction<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"195\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">Typical Sound<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"456\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:19px\">A single or short series of &#8220;bang,&#8221; &#8220;boom,&#8221; or &#8220;thud&#8221; sounds<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(72, 116, 203);font-size: 21px\">Table 1: Transformer Inrush Current Characteristics &amp; Impact<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(72, 116, 203);font-size: 27px\">2. Distinguishing Normal Inrush Noise from Fault Indicators<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">While most loud noises are due to normal transformer inrush current, certain abnormal sounds can signal problems. Knowing how to differentiate is key.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(12, 12, 12);font-size: 24px\">2.1 Characteristics of Normal Inrush Noise<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(1)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Timing:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Occurs strictly at the moment of switching on. The sound is brief (usually ends within 1-2 seconds).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(2)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Nature:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">A single &#8220;boom&#8221; or a short series of &#8220;bangs&#8221; that quickly subsides. Afterward, the transformer runs with a uniform, steady hum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(3)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">No Other Symptoms:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">After the sound, there is no persistent abnormal noise, no unusual smoke or gas emission, and no protective device operation (e.g., relays do not trip).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(12, 12, 12);font-size: 24px\">2.2 Characteristics of Abnormal Sounds Indicating Potential Faults<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">If the following sound patterns occur during or after switching, it may indicate an issue:<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">2.2.1 Sounds from Internal Electrical Faults<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">e.g., inter-turn winding shorts, severe internal discharge. Sounds may mix with inrush noise but have differences:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(1)<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\">Sharp cracking or continuous arcing\/discharge sounds:<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">May accompany internal insulation breakdown.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(2)<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\">Accompanied by protection trips:<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Often causes rapid operation of overcurrent, differential, or gas (Buchholz) relays, tripping the circuit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(3)<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\">Persistence:<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">The fault and associated sound\/vibration typically do not quickly subside like inrush effects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">2.2.2 Sounds from Mechanical Issues<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">e.g., poor core grounding, loose clamping structures excited by the large inrush forces.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(1)<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\">Persistent, rhythmic vibrating or knocking sounds:<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Abnormal, rhythmic &#8220;ticking,&#8221; &#8220;clicking,&#8221; or uneven &#8220;buzzing&#8221; persists during steady-state operation after switching.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(2)<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\">Localized sound:<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Sometimes the sound source can be traced by listening near different parts of the transformer, indicating a local mechanical problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"669\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"center\" nowrap=\"\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:1px solid windowtext;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';font-size: 16px\">Aspect<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"center\" nowrap=\"\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:1px solid windowtext;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';font-size: 16px\">Normal Inrush Sound<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"339\" valign=\"center\" nowrap=\"\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: windowtext;\">\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';font-size: 16px\">Suspected Fault Sound<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Timing<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Strictly at switch-on moment<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"339\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">May occur at switch-on, but more often persists or recurs afterward<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Sound Quality<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Low-pitched &#8220;boom,&#8221; brief<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"339\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Sharp crackle, continuous arcing sound, rhythmic knocking\/vibration<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Duration<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Disappears completely within seconds<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"339\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Persists or occurs intermittently<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Accompanying Electrical Signs<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">No protection trip; meters return to normal<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"339\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Often protective trips, sustained abnormal meter readings, sudden changes in online DGA data<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Subsequent Operation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"center\" style=\"padding:6px 13px 6px 13px ;border-left:1px solid windowtext;border-right:1px solid windowtext;border-top:none;border-bottom:1px solid windowtext\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Sound immediately returns to uniform steady hum<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"339\" valign=\"center\" style=\"padding: 6px 13px; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:16px\">Operational noise remains abnormally loud or unstable<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Table 2: Guide to Identifying Transformer Switching Sounds<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(72, 116, 203);font-size: 27px\">3. How to Manage &amp; Mitigate Inrush Current and Its Effects<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Even if the noise is normal, high inrush current poses potential stress to the grid and the transformer itself (e.g., voltage dips, risk of relay misoperation). The following internationally adopted measures can help manage it.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(12, 12, 12);font-size: 24px\">3.1 Operational Measure: Controlled Switching (Phase Control)<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(1)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Principle:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">As explained, inrush magnitude depends directly on the voltage phase angle at switch-on. Theoretically, switching at the voltage peak results in the smallest inrush.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(2)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Action:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Use synchronous (point-on-wave) controllers or smart circuit breakers to precisely close the contacts at a specific point on the voltage waveform (near the peak).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(3)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Effect:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Can reduce inrush current peaks by over 50%, significantly dampening the noise and electromagnetic stress.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(12, 12, 12);font-size: 24px\">3.2 Device-Level Measures: Remanence Management or Series Resistor<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h4>\n<h5><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">3.2.1<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Remanence Management:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(1)<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\">Principle:<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">After de-energization, the core may retain some magnetic flux (remanence). If the &#8220;target flux&#8221; from the switching voltage is opposite to the remanence direction, they add up, worsening the flux offset and inrush. Actively managing remanence (e.g., bringing it to zero or knowing its state before switching) aids optimal switching strategy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(2)<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\">Effect:<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Reduces unpredictability and, combined with phase control, optimizes switching.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">3.2.2<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Pre-insertion Resistors:<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(1)<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\">Principle:<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Before the main breaker contacts close, auxiliary contacts with a series resistor close first. The resistor limits the initial current, allowing flux to build up smoothly. After a brief delay, the main contacts close, shorting the resistor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(2)<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(127,127,127);font-size:19px\">Effect:<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Physically limits the initial current peak; a very effective method for large HV transformers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(12, 12, 12);font-size: 24px\">3.3 System Design Measures: Inrush Current Limiters &amp; Protection Logic<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(1)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Inrush Current Limiters:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Specially designed inductive or non-linear resistive devices temporarily connected to the circuit to suppress the peak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">(2)<\/font><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-size: 21px\">Protection Relay Setting Optimization:<\/span><\/b><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Adjusting the harmonic restraint settings in differential or overcurrent relays helps them better distinguish between inrush current (rich in 2nd harmonic) and genuine fault current, preventing nuisance trips.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/upload\/news\/1780365064320053.png\" _src=\"\/upload\/news\/1780365064320053.png\" alt=\"\u6a2a\u7248\" class=\"aligncenter\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(72, 116, 203);font-size: 27px\">Conclusion &amp; Recommendation<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Hearing a loud bang when switching on a transformer is no immediate cause for panic. It is most likely due to inrush current\u2014a strong but generally normal physical phenomenon. However, a responsible operator must have the ability to discriminate. Monitor for the warning signs listed above. If in doubt, or if abnormal symptoms persist, consult a qualified professional for inspection. Proper understanding and management of transformer energization ensure both safety and reliability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(72,116,203);font-size:24px\">LuShan<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">, est.<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(72,116,203);font-size:24px\">1975<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">, is a Chinese professional manufacturer specializing in power transformers and reactors for<\/span><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;font-size:24px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">50+<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">years. Leading products are<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(72,116,203);font-size:24px\">single-phase transformer, three-phase<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(72,116,203);font-size:24px\">isolation<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(72,116,203);font-size:24px\">transformers,electrical transformer<\/span><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;color:rgb(72,116,203);font-size:24px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">,distribution transformer, step down and step up transformer, low voltage transformer, high voltage transformer, control transformer, toroidal transformer, R-core transformer;<\/font><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(72,116,203);font-size:24px\">DC inductors, AC reactors, filtering reactor, line and load reactor, chokes, filtering reactor, and intermediate,high-frequency products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(72,116,203);font-size:24px\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';color:rgb(72,116,203);font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Calibri Light&quot;; color: rgb(72, 116, 203); font-size: 27px;\">Contact us<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Our power<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">transformers and reactors are widely used in 10 application areas: rapid transit, construction machinery, renewable energy, intelligent manufacturing, medical equipment, coal mine explosion prevention , excitation system, vacuum sintering(furnace), central air conditioning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Know more about power transformer and reactor :<\/span><u><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri Light';color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 24px\">www.lstransformer.com<\/span><\/u><u><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 24px\"><font face=\"Calibri Light\">.<\/font><\/span><\/u><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;font-size:24px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:0;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">If you would like to obtain customized solutions for transformers or reactors, please contact us.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">WhatsApp<\/span><span style=\";font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;font-size:24px\">\uff1a<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">+86<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">13787095096<\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\";font-family:'Calibri Light';font-size:24px\">Email:[email&nbsp;protected]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Transformers are vital components in power systems, and their stable operation is crucial. When energizing a transformer after installation or maintenance, you might sometimes hear a significant humming noise or a loud &#8220;bang.&#8221; This phenomenon, possible in power operations worldwide, often raises concerns among operators: does it indicate a fault or damage to the transformer? [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Loud &quot;Bang&quot; When Switching On a Transformer: Is It Damaged? - LS power transformer, Line reactor, High-voltage transformer, Oil-immersed transformer-CHANGSHA LUSHAN ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lstransformer.com\/fr\/a-loud-bang-when-switching-on-a-transformer-is-it-damaged-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Loud &quot;Bang&quot; When Switching On a Transformer: Is It Damaged? - LS power transformer, Line reactor, High-voltage transformer, Oil-immersed transformer-CHANGSHA LUSHAN ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Transformers are vital components in power systems, and their stable operation is crucial. When energizing a transformer after installation or maintenance, you might sometimes hear a significant humming noise or a loud &#8220;bang.&#8221; This phenomenon, possible in power operations worldwide, often raises concerns among operators: does it indicate a fault or damage to the transformer? 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