What tests should be conducted during the operation of a transformer?

During operation, transformers require various tests to ensure their safety, reliability, and efficiency. These tests not only help in promptly identifying potential issues but also significantly extend the lifespan of the transformer. The following are the main tests to be conducted during transformer operation and their importance:

Content

●Temperature Testing

Temperature testing is a critical aspect of monitoring the operational status of a transformer. The temperature directly reflects whether the transformer is operating normally. Excessive temperature may lead toinsulation material agingand accelerate equipment degradation. According to regulations, the upper oil temperature should not exceed 85°C, and the temperature rise should not exceed55K. Typically, transformers are equipped withdedicated temperature measurement devicesthat allow real-time monitoring of temperature. If the temperature rises abnormally, the cause should be investigated immediately, and appropriate cooling measures should be taken, such as improving heat dissipation conditions or reducing the load.

●Load Measurement

Load measurement ensures that the transformer operates within its rated range, preventing overloading that could cause equipment damage or overheating. This measurement is usually performed duringpeak electrical demand periods of each season, using a clamp meter to directly measure the transformer's current value. According to regulations, the current value should be maintained between70% and 80% of the transformer's rated current. If the current value exceeds the rated current, it indicates an overloading condition. In such cases, load adjustments should be made immediately, such as redistributing power or activating backup transformers, to prevent equipment damage.

●Voltage Measurement

Voltage measurement is essential for ensuring that the transformer's output voltage remains within the specified range. Regulations require that the voltage variation should be within ±5%of the rated voltage. If the voltage deviates from this range, it may affect the normal operation of electrical equipment and potentially cause equipment damage. Voltage measurement is generally conducted using a voltmeter to measurethe secondary coil terminal voltage andthe terminal voltage at the end-user. When the voltage deviates from the specified range, it can be adjusted by changing the tap settings to restore it within the acceptable range.

●Insulation Testing

Insulation testing primarily involves measuring the insulation resistance between the transformer's windings and ground, as well as the insulation resistance between the windings themselves. This test is typically conducted using an insulation resistance tester (megohmmeter). Low insulation resistance may indicate insulation aging, moisture, or damage, and should be addressed promptly to preventinsulation breakdown and associated faults.

●Oil Quality Analysis

For oil-immersed transformers, regularoil quality analysis is also necessary. Sampling and analyzing the transformer oil can detect the levels ofmoisture,gases, andimpurities present in the oil. Oil quality analysis helps assess the internal condition of the transformer and prevents potential faults.

●Vibration Testing

Vibration testing is used to assess themechanical conditionof the transformer. This test helps identify any looseness in components such as the core and windings, allowing for timely repairs to prevent mechanical damage caused by vibrations.

In summary

Through these tests, the operational status of the transformer can be comprehensively monitored and evaluated. These procedures not only help identify and resolve potential issues but also ensure the transformer's safety, stability, and efficiency. Regularly conducting these tests is a critical aspect of transformer maintenance, contributing to extended equipment lifespan and reliable operation of the power system.

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LuShan, est.1975, is a Chinese professional manufacturer specializing in power transformers and reactors for 49 years. Leading products are single phase and three phase isolation transformers, electrical transformer, distribution transformer, step down and step up transformer, low voltage transformer, high voltage transformer, control transformer, toroidal transformer, R-core transformer; DC inductors, AC reactors, line and load reactor, chokes, filtering reactor, and intermediate, high-frequency products. Our power transformers and reactors are widely used in 10 application areas: rapid transit, construction machinery, renewable energy, intelligent manufacturing, medical equipment, coal mine explosion prevention , excitation system, vacuum sintering(furnace), central air conditioning.

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