What are the Hazards of a Sudden Short Circuit to a Transformer?

When a sudden short circuit occurs at the secondary terminals of a transformer while rated voltage is applied to the primary side, the maximum value of the short-circuit current can reach 20 to 30 times the rated current amplitude. The maximum value of the short-circuit current is related to the phase angle at the moment of the short circuit, and the multiple of the rated current depends on the short-circuit impedance of the transformer. The smaller the impedance, the larger the multiple. The hazards that the sudden short-circuit current poses to the transformer windings include:

The windings may be subjected to powerful electromagnetic forces, which could potentially cause damage.

The windings may experience severe heating.

It is generally stipulated that a transformer should be able to withstand an impact of short-circuit current (steady-state value) up to 25 times the rated current.

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LuShan, est. 1975, is a Chinese professional manufacturer specializing in power transformers and reactors for 50+ years. Leading products are single-phase transformer, three-phase isolation transformers, electrical transformer, distribution transformer, step down and step up transformer, low voltage transformer, high voltage transformer, control transformer, toroidal transformer, R-core transformer; DC inductors, AC reactors, filtering reactor, line and load reactor, chokes, filtering reactor, and intermediate, high-frequency products.

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