What is the impact of temperature on the operation of transformers?

The ambient temperature refers to the naturally changing air temperature, with daily variations exhibiting a sinusoidal pattern. The annual ambient temperature variation follows a double sinusoidal function.

Under normal operating conditions, the temperature of transformers should adhere to the following values:

The highest temperature for the natural variation of ambient temperature is 40°C, the lowest temperature is -25°C, the average temperature for the hottest month is 30°C, and the highest annual average temperature is 20°C.

The rated value for the entrance cooling water temperature of the water cooler is 25°C.

For situations where the low-pressure bushing is located inside a closed bus, and the high-pressure bushing extends into the SF pipeline, the temperatures of the surrounding media in these instances should be specified in the contract. Fixed flange data, closed bus centerline, and other details should be provided. If not specifically indicated, the temperature of the surrounding media inside the closed bus can be considered as 80°C, and the allowable current for the low-pressure bushing is 53% of the rated current.

When the atmospheric temperature in the operating area exceeds any of the normal operating condition temperature values, the temperature rise limits for the winding average temperature rise, oil top temperature rise, and other temperature rise values of the transformer should be reduced, based on the excess values.

For transformers intended for use in extremely cold regions, the minimum temperature value can be specified in the contract at the time of ordering, to facilitate the provision of transformer oil compatible with the minimum temperature. Additionally, on-load tap changer control boxes and cooler control boxes should be equipped with preheating devices.

If the cooling water temperature exceeds 25°C, it can also be specified in the contract to ensure the provision of a water cooler with sufficient heat dissipation capability. In summary, temperature is closely related to the safe operation and product lifespan of transformers.

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